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Fuel shocks across ocean, air and road freight

Apr 29, 2026 | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

With the Strait of Hormuz effectively closed, crude oil can still exist within the region, but refined products, which includes marine fuel, jet fuel and diesel, can no longer move freely to key consumption markets, which has triggered a sharp divergence in pricing and availability across all modes. 

For shippers, this creates a higher cost floor, as transport fuels are no longer moving in line with crude. Marine bunker, jet fuel and diesel each have their own supply chains and crack spreads (the margin between crude and refined products), and are now behaving independently of Brent. This is driving bunker-led cost pressure in ocean, jet fuel-driven inflation in air, and diesel-driven cost escalation in road. 

Ocean freight: bunker costs reset the pricing floor

In ocean freight, bunker fuel has become the dominant cost driver. Asian fuel hubs, particularly Singapore, are experiencing significant pressure as rerouted vessels increase demand while supply remains constrained.

This has created a disconnect between traditional pricing mechanisms and real-time costs. 

Emergency bunker surcharges are being applied across major trade lanes, while standard adjustment factors lag behind market conditions and may only catch up with current fuel inflation later in the year.

The result is a structurally higher cost base, with ocean rates now reflecting fuel volatility rather than underlying demand alone. 

Air freight: jet fuel shortage tightens capacity

Air freight is facing the most acute fuel-driven pressure. Gulf refineries, which typically supply jet fuel to Europe and Asia, are unable to export at normal levels, creating a shortage of refined product.

This has driven a sharp increase in jet fuel prices, with crack spreads widening dramatically from around $16 per barrel pre-crisis to approximately $100 in some regions. 

This regional price divergence means that Asia and Middle East jet fuel benchmarks sit substantially above North American levels, meaning that every kilo of freight uplifted is starting from a materially higher fuel cost base. 

As a result, airlines are adjusting networks, reducing marginal capacity and prioritising fuel efficiency, tightening available uplift and sustaining elevated airfreight rates.

Road freight: diesel inflation feeds through to transport costs

Road freight is also seeing significant cost pressure, with diesel prices rising independently of crude due to refinery constraints and regional supply dynamics.

Fuel accounts for roughly 30% of total truck operating costs, meaning sustained diesel inflation is already feeding through into pricing. 

At the same time, increased reliance on overland routes across the Middle East is adding further demand pressure, compounding both cost and capacity challenges.

What this means for shippers

  • Expect fuel-driven cost volatility across all modes
  • Plan for longer and less predictable transit times
  • Build flexibility into routing and inventory strategies
  • Monitor surcharge mechanisms

Fuel disruption, routing constraints and capacity pressure are now closely linked. Managing one without the others is no longer effective.

Metro works with customers to model alternative routes, balance mode selection and manage cost exposure in real time. If you are seeing rising costs, delays or uncertainty in your supply chain, EMAIL managing director, Andrew Smith, to secure the most effective solution for your cargo.

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Economy slows as supply chain disruption and energy costs hit

Mar 31, 2026 | ,

The UK economy is showing clear signs of slowing, with growing pressure on importers and exporters, as supply chain disruption and rising energy costs begin to feed through. 

While headline indicators suggest marginal growth, underlying conditions point to a more fragile environment, which is shifting the focus towards control and adaptability, with forward planning, flexible routing and improved visibility becoming key to maintaining performance.

Demand moderates but remains supported by structural activity

The latest PMI data is still expanding, with the composite index at 51.0 marking eleven consecutive months of growth. However, the pace has slowed, and business confidence has eased to a nine-month low.

UK GDP was flat in January, with three-month growth of 0.2%, reflecting a slowdown rather than a contraction. More recent data suggests goods sectors are losing momentum, but activity remains in expansion territory.

Manufacturing output in March edged close to stagnation (50.1), while overall activity continues to expand, marking an extended period of growth. Demand patterns are becoming more selective, with some buyers delaying orders due to cost pressures, while others are maintaining or even accelerating purchasing to secure supply.

Export demand remains mixed, but still present. Some manufacturers reported modest increases in overseas orders, supported in part by customers bringing forward purchases and building inventory to mitigate future disruption.

This points to a market that is not weakening uniformly, but instead becoming more dynamic, with pockets of resilience alongside more cautious spending.

Input costs rise sharply, reinforcing the need for supply chain control

Cost pressures are accelerating across goods sectors, driven by higher fuel costs, transportation charges and energy-intensive inputs.

Manufacturing input prices recorded their sharpest increase in over three decades, with around 47% of firms reporting rising costs. This is feeding through into output pricing, with manufacturers increasing selling prices at the fastest rate since April 2025.

At the same time, supply chains are becoming less predictable. Around 25% of manufacturers reported longer supplier delivery times in March, reflecting extended transit times from Asia and disruption linked to rerouting and network congestion.

While these pressures are significant, they are also increasingly visible and measurable. For many businesses, this creates an opportunity to take earlier action, whether securing capacity in advance, adjusting routing strategies or reviewing supplier and inventory models to reduce exposure.

Interest rate outlook shifts as inflation risks re-emerge

At its latest meeting on 19 March, the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee voted unanimously to hold the base rate at 3.75%, in line with expectations.

While acknowledging signs of weaker economic activity, policymakers highlighted the risk that rising energy costs could feed into wages and domestic pricing. The Committee signalled a more cautious stance, removing earlier guidance that pointed towards rate cuts and instead emphasising a readiness to act if inflationary pressures strengthen.

Markets interpreted the shift as a more hawkish tone, suggesting that borrowing costs may remain higher for longer if energy-driven inflation persists.

For goods-focused businesses, this reinforces the need to manage both cost inflation and financing conditions, particularly where inventory and working capital requirements are increasing.

Inventory strategies shift as businesses balance risk and demand

Changing conditions are driving a more proactive approach to inventory management. Some businesses are increasing stock levels and bringing forward orders to protect against future disruption, while others are taking a more cautious approach in response to cost pressures.

This is creating more uneven demand patterns, but also supporting short-term volume in key sectors. At the same time, inventory levels remain relatively tight overall, reflecting the ongoing impact of supply chain delays.

For supply chains, this reinforces the importance of flexibility — balancing stock availability against cost, while maintaining the ability to respond quickly as conditions change.

US and EU markets provide stability, but cost pressures remain a factor

The United States and EU continue to provide relatively stable demand conditions, supporting UK trade flows.

US inflation remains moderate at 2.4%, with interest rates held at 3.50%–3.75%, while the EU is close to target at 1.9%. These conditions are helping to sustain demand, even as global uncertainty increases.

However, both markets remain exposed to rising energy costs, which could influence pricing and demand if sustained. For UK exporters, this means opportunities remain, but with increasing sensitivity to cost and lead time.

Stay ahead of changing conditions with Metro

Metro helps importers and exporters turn market complexity into a controllable, manageable process.

Whether adapting to rising costs, mitigating supply chain delays or optimising inventory flow, Metro provides the insight and operational support needed to maintain performance in a changing market.

To discuss how current economic and supply chain conditions could impact your business, EMAIL Laurence Burford, Chief Financial Officer.

Jebel Ali

Middle East disruption continues to reshape global supply chains

Mar 18, 2026 | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Middle East linked disruption extends well beyond the region, with growing implications for global supply chains. 

As capacity tightens, routes are reconfigured and costs come under pressure, supply chains are entering a more complex and less predictable phase.

Air freight capacity tightens

Air freight markets are among the most immediately affected. Reduced capacity through key Gulf hubs — which typically handle a significant share of global cargo flows and particularly Asia — has forced airlines to reroute services and limit network coverage.

Market data indicates that capacity reductions in parts of the Middle East and South Asia have been significantly steeper than the decline in volumes, creating a sharp imbalance between supply and demand. As a result, rates on some key east–west corridors have risen by more than 50% week on week, with spot pricing increasing at an even faster pace.

Cargo is increasingly being redirected via alternative gateways such as China and Hong Kong, placing additional pressure on corridors that were previously less affected. This is tightening capacity across Asia–Europe routes and contributing to delays, space shortages and short-notice schedule changes.

At the same time, rising fuel costs and the introduction of war risk-related surcharges are adding further upward pressure, while rate validity is shortening as carriers respond to rapidly changing conditions.

Ocean disruption drives congestion, diversion and equipment imbalances

Ocean freight is facing a different but equally significant set of challenges. The effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz — a corridor that typically handles a substantial share of global energy flows — has led to a dramatic reduction in vessel transits, with movements down by around 95% compared to normal levels.

Shipping lines have suspended services into the Arabian Gulf and are diverting vessels to alternative ports, where cargo is being discharged and held for onward movement. This is creating a knock-on effect across surrounding regions.

Ports outside the Gulf are now absorbing unexpected volumes. Congestion levels at key contingency hubs have reached critical levels, with some locations operating at or near full capacity and vessel waiting times extending well beyond normal ranges.

At the same time, an estimated 200,000+ TEU of capacity remains effectively trapped within the Gulf, contributing to equipment shortages in Asia as empty containers are unable to return to origin markets. This imbalance is expected to place further pressure on export flows in the coming weeks.

Rising bunker costs are also beginning to influence vessel operations, with some operators reducing sailing speeds to manage fuel consumption, adding further variability to transit times.

Costs rise as surcharges and fuel pressures build

Across both air and ocean freight, cost pressure is becoming more pronounced. Emergency surcharges linked to fuel volatility, war risk and network disruption are being introduced or expanded across multiple trade lanes.

Air freight rates have already increased sharply on key routes, while ocean carriers are implementing additional charges to reflect higher operating costs and longer routing distances. In parallel, regulatory scrutiny is increasing, particularly around how surcharges are applied and communicated.

For shippers, this is creating a more complex cost environment, where pricing can change quickly and visibility is reduced.

The past few weeks have highlighted how quickly supply chain assumptions can change and how important it is to have flexible, well-informed contingency options in place.

Metro is supporting customers by identifying alternative routings, securing capacity across air and ocean networks, and maintaining close operational control as conditions evolve.

To discuss how this situation could impact your supply chain, or to review practical routing and cost options, EMAIL Andrew Smith, Managing Director at Metro, for a direct and informed response.

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EU insights for ambitious UK retailers and brands

Mar 3, 2026 | , , , , , , ,

As global trade patterns shift and US tariffs reshape export economics, many UK fashion brands are re-evaluating where growth will come from next.

For an increasing number, the answer is closer to home. The European Union — a £250bn clothing market — is once again becoming a strategic priority for scalable, lower-risk international expansion.

At Metro, we are seeing a clear trend: brands that previously focused on the US are now actively re-establishing or expanding EU operations. The commercial logic is compelling, but success depends on understanding the operational realities.

Europe makes strategic sense again

Under the UK-EU Trade and Co-operation Agreement, most qualifying UK goods can enter the EU tariff-free, provided rules of origin are met.

Compared with elevated US baseline tariffs and longer transatlantic lead times, the EU offers:

  • Shorter transit times
  • Lower freight costs
  • Established e-commerce and wholesale networks
  • Cultural and style alignment
  • A large, affluent consumer base

However, while tariffs may be reduced, compliance complexity remains.

The EU opportunity is real — but it is not frictionless. Brands need to approach it strategically, with proper customs planning, VAT management and logistics alignment from day one.

Choosing your route to market

There is no single entry model. Most successful brands adopt a hybrid approach.

Marketplace Partnerships

Many UK retailers are leveraging major EU marketplaces to accelerate scale.

Benefits:

  • Immediate access to multiple markets
  • Localised checkout and VAT handling
  • Established logistics networks
  • Faster delivery and returns

However, marketplace integration is not a silver bullet. Service charges, data integration, and margin considerations must be assessed carefully.

Establishing an EU entity

Setting up a legal entity in an EU member state has become more streamlined post-Brexit.

While it requires tax and legal advice, having an EU-based operation can:

  • Simplify VAT registration
  • Improve customer experience
  • Reduce cross-border friction
  • Enable more seamless returns management

Many exporters continue to route EU goods via the Netherlands due to infrastructure strength and customs efficiency.

Wholesale & distribution

Wholesale partnerships remain a powerful growth lever.

Brands are:

  • Partnering with department stores and independents
  • Appointing local distributors in key territories
  • Entering market-by-market rather than pan-EU immediately

Europe is not homogenous. Germany is not Spain. Italy is not Poland.

Localised strategy is essential.

De-minimis changes & customs evolution

The EU is ending its €150 de minimis duty exemption.

In 2024 alone, 4.6 billion low-value consignments entered the EU under this regime. 

Regulatory tightening aims to improve compliance and level competition.

Key implications:

  • Additional handling fees likely
  • Greater customs scrutiny
  • VAT management changes
  • Phasing out of the Import One Stop Shop (IOSS)
  • Introduction of the EU Customs Data Hub (from 2028)

Regulatory tightening increases compliance cost in the short term, but it also creates opportunity. Brands that invest in structured customs processes now will gain competitive advantage as enforcement strengthens.

Ship from UK or hold EU stock?

Many retailers initially ship EU orders from their UK hub, often supported by limited EU warehousing.

As volumes grow, models evolve toward:

  • EU-based fulfilment centres
  • Regional distribution capability
  • Consolidated inventory hubs
  • Faster returns processing

Efficient third-party logistics support is critical, particularly for managing VAT, customs documentation, and reverse logistics.

Sustainability & regulatory compliance

The EU remains at the forefront of sustainability regulation.

Fashion exporters must prepare for:

  • Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR)
  • Digital product passports
  • Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) requirements

Sustainability compliance in the EU is no longer a branding choice, it is market access infrastructure.

Brands that build traceability into supply chains now will be better positioned globally as similar standards emerge elsewhere.

Long-term thinking wins

Recent tariff volatility has reinforced one lesson: international expansion requires a long-term horizon.

Successful EU strategies typically:

  • Combine DTC, wholesale and marketplace channels
  • Phase entry by priority markets
  • Invest in compliance early
  • Build local partnerships
  • Use logistics as a competitive advantage

Europe’s scale, proximity and consumer alignment make it a logical next growth chapter for UK fashion brands.

But operational detail determines commercial success.

Final thoughts

The EU is not a return to pre-Brexit simplicity, but it is a structured, opportunity-rich market for brands willing to approach it strategically.

Entering Europe successfully isn’t about finding demand — demand is there. Metro’s experts can help you design the right logistics, compliance and localisation model to serve it efficiently.

For UK retailers ready to expand, Europe is no longer a fallback market.

It is becoming the priority again.

To learn about our EU-wide logistics, compliance and localisation services, and how we can help you grow your business in the EU with confidence, please EMAIL our Managing Director Andrew Smith.

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